STL Index for: Stephen K. Tyring

The proper and suitable application of antibiotics is crucial in maintaining their effectiveness amidst growing antibiotic resistance. Nevertheless, it is essential for prescribing practitioners to have a heightened understanding of resistance causes and strategies to counteract them.

Awareness of the molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance among bacteria is necessary to understand the etiology of antibiotic resistance in dermatology at the most basic level.

Sarecycline is a novel antibiotic that has shown significant promise in acne treatment due to its narrow-spectrum activity and weight-based dosing.

Currently, JAK inhibitors are only FDA approved for dermatologic, rheumatologic, and hematologic conditions. Recent studies show the utility of JAK inhibitors in treating atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, vitiligo, and alopecia areata.

Small-vessel vasculitides (SVV) are a group of disorders that occur due to primarily systemic inflammation or as sequelae of an infection, malignancy, or other rheumatic disease.

Ichthyosis management requires a multimodal approach, including topical and oral agents in addition to lifestyle modifications.

Tildrakizumab is a promising therapeutic option for patients with moderate-to-severe chronic plaque psoriasis. The specificity of the drug in targeting the p19 subunit of IL-23 allows for the high efficacy and safety of long-term treatment as demonstrated in clinical trials.

Methotrexate has been an important agent in the management of dermatologic conditions for decades. Although first indicated for the treatment of psoriasis, MTX has been shown to be a successful treatment option for a wide array of skin diseases.

Shingrix®, a new recombinant subunit vaccine, has shown a great deal of promise in the prevention of HZ in adults over the age of 50. The combination of zoster viral glycoprotein E and the AS01B adjuvant system make it a safe, efficacious option for the elderly as well as immunosuppressed individuals.

This review examines the clinical trials of topical diacerein and its role in Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex. Diacerein cream was recently US FDA-approved in May 2018 for treatment of patients with EBS.

Glycopyrronium tosylate (Qbrexza), a topical anticholinergic therapy, has been shown to be effective in the treatment of primary axillary hyperhidrosis.

Despite a rising prevalence, effective and safe therapeutics for patients with moderate-to-severe AD are limited due to toxicity and side effects. Dupilumab, an interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 antagonist that limits type 2 T helper (Th2) driven inflammatory activity, is a promising therapeutic option.

Psoriasis is thought to arise from a combination of pathogenic factors including genetic susceptibility and environmental exacerbation. This article reviews the current status of guselkumab as a therapy for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.

Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease with epidermal hyperplasia. Interleukin (IL)-17 signaling has a central role in its pathogenesis, and is being looked at as a target. The rationale for IL-17 inhibitors, clinical trial results of new drugs like Brodalumab are included.

Recent advances in our understanding of the innate and adaptive immune systems have led to the identification of interleukin (IL)-17 as a key pro-inflammatory mediator in psoriasis. We review phase 1-3 clinical trials of ixekizumab, for treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.

In the past three decades, major advances have been made in understanding the pathogenesis of psoriasis. This review focuses on the role of IL-23 in psoriasis pathogenesis and the current therapies targeting IL-23 that are being studied in clinical trials.

Herpes labialis is a frequently occurring viral infection of the lips and oral mucosa. Clinical data on the efficacy of topical combination acyclovir-hydrocortisone (Xerese™) product in treating herpes labialis are discussed.

Molluscum contagiosum is a poxvirus infection of the skin that is commonly observed in children. This articles discusses the molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV), its pathogenesis, mechanism, and treatment modalities.

Biologic compounds are being used more frequently to treat a multitude of systemic inflammatory conditions. This article discusses the increased risk of opportunistic infections of tuberculosis, herpes zoster, Legionella pneumophila, and Listeria monocytogenes.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) has a predilection for infecting epidermal and mucosal surfaces such as those of the anogenital region. This article discusses presentations of HPV infections, and the role of HPV vaccines.

In atopic dermatitis, the stratum corneum of patients appears to have alterations that predispose them to colonization and invasion by various bacteria. Retapamulin appears to be a much needed antimicrobial option for treating the atopic dermatitis population due to their common carriage of bacterial pathogens.

Imiquimod 5% cream (Aldara™, Graceway Pharmaceuticals) is an immune response modifier used for the topical treatment of anogenital warts in non-HIV-infected patients. Several randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that imiquimod 5% cream is a safe and efficacious treatment.

Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease that is mediated, in part by the body’s T-cell inflammatory response mechanisms. Current data regarding the efficacy of these agents show they may have the potential to become the new clinical gold standard for biologic therapy to treat psoriasis.

Atypical presentations of typical dermatological conditions are common in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This article will focus on three specific topics: eosinophilic folliculitis, psoriasis, and cutaneous mycoses. Their unique presentations in HIV and treatments are discussed.

HPV vaccines are highly immunogenic and have an excellent safety profile. HPV vaccines promise to offer an exciting contribution to healthcare and cancer prevention. However, many questions remain concerning who to vaccinate, the duration of protection, cost, public acceptance, and the potential for worldwide distribution.

The Herpesviridae family (Types 1-8) continues to inflict considerable morbidity and social stigma upon humanity. Once infected with the herpes viruses, especially Types 1-3, they establish permanent residence within our nervous system and reactivate during periods of stress, trauma, and/or other precipitating factors.

Postherpetic neuralgia is a serious complication of herpes zoster that has a predilection for older individuals. Postherpetic neuralgia is often associated with significant morbidity, and it can cause insomnia, fatigue, depression and interference with daily activities in affected individuals.

Genital herpes simplex and herpes zoster infections are common afflictions that are associated with significant morbidity and a decreased quality of life. Famciclovir (Famvir®, Novartis) is an orally administered prodrug of the antiviral agent penciclovir.

Imiquimod (S-26308, R-837) (1-(2-methylpropyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4 amine), an immune response modifier, was approved as a 5% cream (Aldara, 3M Pharmaceuticals) by the US FDA in February 1997, for the treatment of genital and perianal warts.